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home geography the royal tribes castles heraldry family in context descendants monuments & heritage music 1000 news & events links contact home ‘elystan the renowned’, founder of one of the royal tribes of wales - the dynasty of rhwng gwy a hafren ( between wye & severn ): princes of maelienydd and elfael, and lords of ceri, radnor, gwerthrynion and buellt above : view looking west across part of beautiful maelienydd and parts of elfael from castell crug eryr elystan is remembered as the founder of the fifth royal tribe of wales and is mentioned as being king of rhwng gwy a hafren, which in english means ‘between wye and severn’. this region (often referred to in later times as a kingdom) was independent of the princes of deheubarth, gwynedd and powys and included the cantrefs of maelienydd, elfael, buellt, gwerthrynion, ceri and cwmwd deuddwr. his father was cuhelyn ab ifor (i.e. phonetically, kai-helin son of ivor). the word ‘ab’ (if preceding a vowel) or ‘ap’ (if not preceding a vowel) is the welsh for ‘son of’. they stem from the older brittonic ‘mab’ and ‘map” which are more easily recognised as equating to the well known gaelic ‘mac’. peter bartrum in his work on welsh genealogies confirms that elystan’s father was cuhelyn ab ifor ap severus ap cadwr ap cadwr wenwyn ab idnerth ab iorwerth hirflawdd (‘iorwerth of the long struggle’). iorwerth was a direct descendant of casnar wledig (‘the ruler’) of powys and was a son of tegonwy ap teon. bartrum records that he is first mentioned in de situ brecheniauc, writing: where he is called ‘gereuerth, king of powys, whence are named the iorwerthian’ (p.c. bartrum: a welsh classical dictionary: people in history and legend up to about 1000). teon is said to have been a bishop and to have given his name to carneddau teon (‘the stones of teon’), now known as the stiperstone hills, which are located in shropshire near its western border with wales. teon was the ancestor of many tribes mainly in powys, foremost of which was that of bleddyn ap cynfyn who founded a new dynasty of princes in powys, one of whose descendants was owain glyn dŵr. another of teon’s descendants was bleddyn’s relation trahaearn ap caradog of arwystli, who seized the throne of gwynnedd after bleddyn’s death. bleddyn had latterly become ruler of gwynedd as well as powys. the name elystan (sometimes written as elstan or ethelystan) is a welsh rendering of the anglo-saxon name athelstan / æthelstan. elystan was said to have been named after his godfather king athelstan. it is a lovely story, but the dates of elystan’s life (c.975-1010) suggest this connection is impossible - athelstan died in october 939. however, perhaps athelstan was a godfather to elystan’s father resulting from a political alliance, after all the great welsh king hywel dda attended athelstan’s court, was a close ally and recognised athelstan as de facto high king of britain. athelstan had been brought up in mercia under the care of his aunt, æthelflaed the ‘lady of the mercians’, so may well have known the powys-mercia border region from an early age and made close connections there. this would all then provide a better explanation for why cuhelyn chose to name his son after the very impressive king athelstan; the truth is that we are highly unlikely ever to know the truth. glodrydd is not a surname, but was an epithet added to his name and means “the renowned”, “the praiseworthy” or “the famous” - perhaps this also echoed memories of king athelstan. elystan has often been referred to as king of rhwng gwy a hafren or as prince of fferllys, another name used to refer to the same region. although there is no historic evidence for these titles, we can assume that elystan ruled the region in some way or other during his lifetime, making him recognised in practice as a king. certainly, his descendants ruled all or parts of his patrimony afterwards and were recorded either with the title ‘prince’ or in rare examples ‘rex’ (i.e. king). he is also said to have been earl of hereford, a title he was said to have inherited from his mother. there is in fact no evidence for this title and bartrum calls this claim fictitious. however, hereford had originally been in welsh territory, and the old kingdom of erging stretched up to the wye - that part of herefordshire retained its welsh-ness for many hundreds of years, and continues to do so even up to this day. perhaps elystan’s mother’s family held the place at some time in the past or remembered a tradition from a time before the mercians reached hereford - the truth is that we are unlikely ever to know, but can safely assume that elystan was not himself earl of hereford. elystan's mother is said to have been gwen ferch (i.e. daughter of) gronwy ap tudur trefor. tudur trefor is remembered as founder of one of the noble tribes of wales and was said to have been lord of both the maelors and of bromfield, in the northern borderland of powys. he is said to have married a daughter of hywel dda, (‘howell the good’) king of deheubarth and later ruler of most of wales. hywel is one of the most highly regarded welsh kings and was the grandson of the equally famous rhodri mawr (‘roderick the great’), king of gwynedd. rhodri fought for many years to rid north wales of vikings, as alfred did in england. his victory over the vikings, when he killed their leader horm is celebrated in the naming of the promentary by llandudno ‘great ormes head.’ rhodri's father, merfyn frych (‘ the freckled ’), seized the throne of gwynedd and the royal seat of aberffraw, when hywel ap rhodri molwynog king of gwynedd died in 825ad. merfyn had a dynastic claim to the throne via his father gwriad, who had married esyllt, a daughter of cynan ap rhodri molwynog. rhodri mawr's grandmother esyllt, was a direct descendant of the great king cunedda who migrated to north wales with many of his countrymen of the votadini tribe, whose kingdom of manaw gododdin - a british kingdom centered on edinburgh (then called: din eidyn) had been virtually overrun by anglo-saxons. it was a raid by a war band of britons (i.e. welsh) from this kingdom to catterick inside the nascent angle kingdoms of deira and bernicia that resulted in one of the greatest, oldest surviving and most famous poems in the welsh language - the gododdin, which appears in the book of aneirin. cunedda is remembered as having driven the irish settlers out of north wales and founded the dynasty of gwynedd. he is recorded in ancient pedigrees as the grandson of padarn beisrudd - ‘paternus of the red cloak’, an epithet which suggests that he had worn the cloak of a roman officer. as a contemporary of vortigern, paternus would have been in his prime about 383ad, and it is possible that he had been invested with his cloak as part of the efforts of the roman emperor magnus maximus, known to the welsh as macsen wledig (‘ maximus the ruler ’), to secure the borders of britannia. as mentioned above, the earliest legendary ancestor of elystan was casnar wledig who lived in the 500s and is mentioned in the tales of the mabinogion ( culhwch & olwen and rhonabwy’s dream ), where he his name appears as ‘kasnat wledig’. he is well understood to be the same person as casanauth wledig who married a granddaughter of king vortigern and his wife severa, daughter of macsen wledig. the epithet ‘wledig’ is only found applied to the names of a select number of people and it seems to be suggestive of rule, lordship, royalty and/or military command. in this latter case, it may be a feint echo from a past that only survived in oral tradition, and speaks of the changing nature of leadership in post-roman britain, when roman military appointments continued amongst the romano-britons, potentially in competition with emerging or continuing british royal dynasties. no-one has achieved a water-tight definition, but geoffrey ashe in his book ‘kings and queens of early britain’ comes close with the following description: ‘wledig’

URL analysis for elystan.co.uk

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http://www.elystan.co.uk///castles
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http://www.elystan.co.uk///the-royal-tribes
http://www.elystan.co.uk///music
http://www.elystan.co.uk///contact

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